Friday 5 March 2010

Maithili-lang of bihar



Maithili
is a language spoken in the eastern part of India, mainly in the Indian state of Bihar and in the eastern Terai region of Nepal. It is an offshoot of the Indo-Aryan languages which are part of the Indo-Iranian, a branch of the Indo-European languages. Maithili is different language from Hindi, which is Central Indic in origin. According to the 2001 census in India, 12,179,122 people speak the Maithili language, but various organizations have strongly argued that the actual number of Maithili speakers is much more than the official data suggests. In times, Maithili has been considered a "dialect" of both Hindi and Bengali but thanks to an active movement calling for official status for the language, in 2003 it was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, which now allows the language to be used in education, government, and other official contexts. Maithili has a very rich literary and cultural heritage.
Maithili was traditionally written in the Maithili script (also known by the names Tirhuta and Mithilakshar) and Kaithi script. However, in the modern time Devanagari script is most commonly used. An effort is underway to preserve the Maithili script and to develop it for use in digital media by encoding the script in the Unicode standard, for which proposals have been submitted.


The Magahi
language also known as Magadhi is a language spoken in India. The ancestor of Magadhi, from which its name derives, Magadhi Prakrit, is believed to be the language spoken by the Buddha, and the language of the ancient kingdom of Magadha. Magadhi is closely related to Bhojpuri and Maithili and these languages are sometimes referred to as a single language, Bihari. These languages, together with several other related languages, are known as the Bihari languages, which form a sub-group of the Eastern Zone group of Indo-Aryan languages. Magadhi has approximately 13 million speakers. It was once mistakenly thought to be a dialect of Hindi, but has been more recently shown to be descendant of and very similar along with Bengali, Assamese, and Oriya. It has a very rich and old tradition of folk songs and stories. It is spoken in 8 districts in Bihar, 3 in Jharkhand and has some speakers in Malda, West Bengal. Though the number of speakers in Magadhi is large, it has not been constitutionally recognized in India. Even in Bihar, Hindi is the language used for educational and official matters (although Maithili, a related language also spoken widely in Bihar, is an official language under the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India). Magahi was legally absorbed under the subordinate label of Hindi in the 1961 Census.
Magadhi is spoken in the area which formed the core of the erstwhile ancient kingdom of Magadha - the modern districts of Patna, Nalanda, Gaya, Jehanabad, Aurangabad, Sheikhpura and Nawada. The total geographical area covered by Magahi is much larger today.[4] It is also spoken in some areas of Hazaribagh, Giridih, Palamau, Munger and Bhagalpur, with some speakers in the Malda District of West Bengal. So Many speakers in Mumbai & Delhi

BHOJPURI-lang of bihar


Bhojpuri is a regional language spoken in parts of north-central and eastern India. It is spoken in the western part of state of Bihar, the northwestern part of Jharkhand, and the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh(UP), as well as adjoining parts of the Nepal Terai.
Bhojpuri is also spoken in Guyana, Suriname, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritius. The variant of Bhojpuri of the Surinamese Hindustanis, is also referred to Sarnami Hindi or just Sarnami when it is mixed with (Creole) English or Dutch words. In Guyana and Trinidad a smaller percentage of the Indians know Bhojpuri compared to Suriname.
The Bhojpuri language is part of the Eastern-Hindi or Bengali continuum of languages which once extended from Assam and Bengal to Benaras. While the rest of Bihar and UP slowly adopted the new Hindi standard, the language remained strong in the areas between Patna and Banaras. The government of India while taking census, disagree, and consider Bhojpuri to be a dialect of Hindi. But now the government of India is preparing to grant it statutory status as a national scheduled language.

Bhojpuri shares vocabulary with Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu. Bhojpuri and several closely related languages, including Maithili and Magadhi, are together known as the Bihari languages. They are part of the Eastern Zone group of Indo-Aryan languages which includes Bengali and Oriya.First president of India Rajendra Prasad, Manoj Bajpai, and former Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, Chandra Shekhar. Bihar Kokila Padma Shri Sharda Sinha is a famous Bhojpuri folk singer.

ANGIKA-lang of bihar



Angika is closely related to the Maithili language, and was classified by Sir George A. Grierson as a dialectal variant of Maithili, which he termed as "Chikka-Chikki".It has affinity to the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, such as Bengali, Oriya, and Assamese. It had been traditionally classified as a "Bihari languages," which includes Bhojpuri, Magahi, Maithili, and Vajjika), and it has only recently been claimed as an independent language, though it is an ancient dialect. The name Angika first appeared in the 1961 census. Angika is highly intelligible with other Bihari languages.

Various alternate names for the language are used:

* Anga,
* Aangi,
* Angikar,
* Chhika-Chhiki,
* Bhagalpuri,
* Apbhramsa,
* Bihari.

Southern Bihar
Bhagalpur District, Munger District, Banka District, Lakhisarai District, Jamui District and Sheikhpura District.
Northern Bihar
Katihar District, Purnia District, Khagaria District, Begusarai District, Saharsa District, Madhepura District, Araria District, Kishanganj District and Supaul District.

Mahabodhi mandir